The American Revolution Was a Major Turning Point - 885 Words

Alex Griffen P6 9/28/11 The American Revolution was a major turning point in American history and greatly affected Americas future. The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, to become the United States of America. It fundamentally changed the American society politically, socially and economically by the establishments of the Declaration of Independence and conflicts over stronger states rights or stronger central government, paper currency, womens rights and slavery. The American Revolution brought enormous effects on the Americans society polticially by new means of government. One†¦show more content†¦The currency was soon to be taken out of circulation. Being under the Britains crown was compared to slavery and women in American society did not have many rights. Women had not rights in any part of the community unless they were widows. Wom en in the colonies were compared as being a dog on a leash and demanded not to speak a word unless spoken too. The women were fed up because they felt as if they should not even appear in publicShow MoreRelatedMajor Turning Points in U.S. History (1492-1820)1366 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Turning Points in U.S. History (1492-1820) Throughout documented United States history, immense changes in social, political, and economic establishments have been brought about by perplexing people or conditions. Often, these changes mark a turning point in the progress of civilization as new ideas are formed, new governments raised, or new discoveries put to use in the interest of progress. Whether these pivotal moments in history may be triggered due to a single nonconforming individualRead MoreMain Causes Of The French Revolution996 Words   |  4 PagesThe commencement of the French Revolution arranged the country of France being at the brink of bankruptcy. Causes for this brink are easily seen. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, lavished money on themselves and residences such as Versailles. Queen Marie especially, over spending money and was seen as a wasteful spender. The government, found that funds were depleting due to wars in the same manner as the funding for the American Revolution. Deficit spending, a government spending moreRead MoreThe Battle Of Saratoga And The American Revolution1504 Words   |  7 Pages1765-1783 the American Revolution had many different battles that affected its ending results. One of these battles were the Battle of Saratoga which had a major effect on the American Revolution. This battle displayed the Americans power to the French, convincing them to join the war with the Americans. France supplied the American with their advanced weaponry, financial help, and anything for them to win the war. The Battle of Saratoga became to be known as a major turning point that changed theRead MoreOverview of American History Since Civil War1235 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History since Civil War Name Professor Institution Course Date American History since Civil War Identify at least two (2) major historical turning points in the period under discussion. There are several historical turning points in the History of the United States of America since the aspect of the civil war. One of the essential historical turning points is the end of the cold war in 1989 thus falling of the Berlin war. Another historical turning point is the aspect of the digitalRead MoreThe Battle Of Saratoga And Concord1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Revolution is commonly known worldwide as the parting of the 13 colonies from the mother country of Britain. This war is unquestionably the most important event in American History due to the many sacrifices of our brave citizens of America as well as the experience in order to accomplish triumph over Britain and gain independence. Although there are far more factors than the battle itself that contributed to the win over Britain however, many battles have affected the momentum of theRead MoreTurning Points in History 1900s1080 Words   |  5 PagesMajor Historical Turning Points: Essay One Kristi Ord Strayer University Dr. Donna Reeves History 105 January 25, 2013 In this paper I will identify two major historical turning points in the period from 1865-1900. I will analyze the impact that these turning had on America’s current society, economy, politics, and culture. I will describe two ways the Reconstitution period may have been affected if President Lincoln had not been assassinated. Finally, I will give examples of howRead MoreFrom Reagan to Obama: Turning Points in Presidencies1070 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿From Reagan to Obama Turning Points (ONE) Two Major Turning Points From Reagans Through Obamas Presidency Two major turning historical turning points during the era from Ronald Reagan through Barack Obama were: a) the end of the Cold War as Mikhail Gorbachev introduced democratic institutions into Soviet society; and b) the terrorists attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., changed the way Americans think about protecting their homeland and motivated the president (Bush) to launch a disastrousRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence999 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution, also known as the U.S. War of Independence, goes back to 1765-1783. One of the major effects of the American Revolution was that the colonies became recognized as independent. It was now separated from Great Britain. France joined in and became our allies and helped the colonies in 1778. Since France joined the war, they turned a civil war into an international war. There were a lot of causes that led up to the beginning and the end of the war. There was a lot of causes thatRead MoreThe Invention Of The First Industrial Revolution1391 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution Envision living in a society dominated by factories that just recently transformed from arable land and farms. Imagine constantly hearing about brand new inventions and ideas that were deemed impossible only a few years ago. Visualize working long hours in cramped factories, in exchange for low pay and contagious diseases. For some people that lived during the age of industrialization, this was their reality of life. During the 18th and 19th century, the world was exponentiallyRead MoreThe Causes of the American Revolution Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesrule of the American colonies in the previous years led to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Most Americans did not originally want to separate from mother England. They wanted to stay loyal to the crown. England’s unwillingness to compromise, mismanagement of the colonies, heavy taxation of the colonists that violated their rights, the distractions of foreign affairs and politics in England and the strict trading policie s that England tried to enforce together made the revolution inevitable

Racial Discrimination in the Workplace Essay examples

Running Head: RACIAL DISCRIMINATION Racial Discrimination in the Workplace Ryne Bretz Union College Abstract- Racial discrimination happens all the time and most of us are unaware of it. The most common place for this to happen is in the workplace. Now people can be discriminated against because of their race, religion, or any other numerous things. Also, discrimination can occur during the job interview or even after you got the job. This paper will shoe the effects of racial discrimination and how it can be prevented. In addition there are some very important laws that deal specifically with discrimination, like the NAACP or Affirmative Action. These both will be discussed. Table of Contents†¦show more content†¦So the very next year President Lyndon Johnson proposed his own solution; Executive Order 11246. He sought to ensure that individuals have equal opportunity WITHOUT regard to their race, sex, or ethnicity (Victims, 2005). This was considered Affirmative Action. It allowed everyone the same equal rights to the same jobs. It did not judge by your race but only on your qualifications for the job. This Affirmative Action basically stated that if two people of different races applied for the same job then one could not be favored over the other in any way what so ever. Preventive measures- Racial discrimination can be prevented be having an open mind and not judging a person by anything other than there qualifications. However, some people have a hard time doing this so there are some preventive measures out there to make sure no one gets discriminated against. The main organization is the U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission, or EEOC, w hich was started in 1965. Throughout its existence, the commission has focused on but one simply stated mission: eliminate illegal discrimination from the workplace. To accomplish that goal various approaches, some dictated by statutory limitations and some by philosophical and managerial considerations have been employed. This publication will address in particular how three influences explain many of the decisions affecting how the commission accomplishes its mission (EEOC,Show MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination in Canadas Workplace1620 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination in the workplace has been a persistent theme in Canada’s history as well as present-day times. The occurrence of actions and attitudes that impose a sense of one being less equal than another on the basis of one’s race in Canada’s workplace inhibits both our nation’s ability to move forward as well as strengthen unification within our country. The belief in a more egalitarian society, where one’s race and ethnic background have little to no impact on employees (or potentialRead More Racial Discrimination in the Workplace Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Discrimination in the Workplace Abstract- Racial discrimination happens all the time and most of us are unaware of it. The most common place for this to happen is in the workplace. Now people can be discriminated against because of their race, religion, or any other numerous things. Also, discrimination can occur during the job interview or even after you got the job. This paper will shoe the effects of racial discrimination and how it can be prevented. In addition there are someRead MoreRacial Discrimination In Workplace Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pageswith each passing year these establishments are becoming more and more diverse. However, despite each establishment claiming to be openly diverse, can they still practice discrimination against individuals of different races? In this paper, we will be analyzing an audit study conducted to determine whether racial discrimination is practiced in a popular nighttime bar. Literature Review I want to begin by defining race. Race is a simple social construct that was used to create an order to exploitRead MoreReligious Discrimination and Racial Harassment in the United States Workplace1894 Words   |  8 Pagesclaims for religious discrimination in the U.S. increased from 1811 in 1999 to 3386 in 2009; an increase of $3.1 million to $7.6 million (Borstorff Arlington, 2011). There are approximately 4.3 million Muslims in the U.S. and they feel the most vulnerable to religious discrimination (Alexis, 2011). The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. These laws protect people against employment discrimination when it involves theRead MoreRacial Discrimination1052 Words   |  5 Pagestime, including in the workplace. Racial discrimination arises when someone is treated differently based on their actual or perceived race. Many people believe that if one were to be in the vicinity of a respected workplace that they would be respected by all co-workers and employers; this is in no way true. A big amount of minority employees are affected by racial discrimination in the workplace whether it’s from their employers or their fellow co-workers. Racial discrimination is something that isRead MoreRacial Discrimination in America1439 Words   |  6 PagesDate: August 16, 2010 Racial Discrimination in America Abstract The framers that wrote the Declaration of Independence intended for this country to be founded on the rights of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. To an extent, this has been true, but our country still has a long way to go. Unless American society chooses to change their mindset and their way of thinking, then this country will never advance and there will continue to be racial discrimination in every aspect of our dailyRead MoreRacial Discrimination At The Civil Rights Movement Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesRebecca Jacob Professor Kenneth Lange BUS 241 02 16 November 2016 Racial Discrimination in the Workplace Since the end of the segregation with the Civil Rights Movement, many believed that racism in the United States had come to an end. However, there are still many instances where racial inequality still occurs, and this is especially prevalent in the workplace. Although this sort of discrimination is illegal, individuals cannot always be prosecuted for this crime because it often happens in subtleRead MoreKey Social Problems Affecting Africans Americans Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmulti-dimensional basis. Poverty, employment rates, discrimination, and other social problems strike African Americans in such a way that it is nearly impossible to separate them; each individual has different background, socially and physically, that would determine in which order his or her social problems need to be solved. Impoverished blacks in the inner city may have difficulty finding or keeping jobs, while others may have jobs, but face troubles with work discrimination that prevent them from mov ing upwardRead MoreNon Discrimination Policies Of The Home Depot Company Essay782 Words   |  4 Pages Non-Discrimination Policy Name: Course Name: Course Instructor: Date of Submission: Non-Discrimination Policy Companies that discriminate on basis of a host of job-irrelevant issues, comprising race, sexual orientation, gender, disability, age and ethnicity put themselves at a competitive disadvantage as opposed to companies that appraise employees solely on their credentials and qualifications to work well. Given the high rates of discrimination encountering the workforceRead MoreRacial Discrimination Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Racial discrimination is defined as â€Å"when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status† (Thomas). Racial discrimination in the workplace is a real problem in our world today. Not only is it against the Constitution, but it is morally and ethically wrong. Throughout history, many people have fought for equality among races, and the fact that racism is still an issue in

The Bubonic Plague (Black Death) Free Essays

The pandemic of the bubonic plague swept across Europe in 1347 and spread to England in 1348. It is known today as the Black Death. During these years, the plague affected the lives of people all across England and killed over half of England’s population. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bubonic Plague (Black Death) or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s impact was enormous, not only because of the rapid decrease in the population but because of the pessimism, fear and suspicion. â€Å"Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria, Yersinia pestis. Primarily carried by rodents (most notably rats) and spread to humans via fleas† – Wikipedia The plague caused a huge decline in England’s population. It killed over 5 million people (70% of the population) Some of the first symptoms were vomiting, giddiness, headaches, shivering, tongue turns white, and intolerance to light. Some of the later symptoms are pains in the joints, breaking blood vessels, internal bleeding, and skin turning black (the result of the dried blood from internal bleeding) During the plague peasants left their jobs because they were afraid they would get the Black Death and die. Many also left for other villages to find new jobs, better wages and conditions. Since there wasn’t many farmers to make food, the price of food went up during the plague. There were not enough people to look after animals and crops, so they died too. Some people in urban areas died, not from Bubonic Plague but from starvation. Some villages became completely abandoned because of the villagers evacuating. Because of the Black Plague villages faced starvation. Town and cities faced food shortages as the villages that surrounded them could not provide them with enough food. A big consequence of the Black Death was inflation – the price of food went up creating more labour for the poor. In some parts of England, food prices went up by four times. Many Lords were short of desperately needed labour for the land that they owned. After the Black Death, Lords encouraged peasant to leave their villages and come work for them. When peasants did this, the Lord refused to let them return to their original village. The peasants started demanding higher wages as they knew that the Lord was desperate to get his harvest. The Black Death brought great depression that was felt through out England and affected the lives of millions, it is one of the most lethal disease out breaks in history. How to cite The Bubonic Plague (Black Death), Papers

Background Information on Jo Malone London free essay sample

Jo Malone London was originally founded by Joanne Lesley Malone, in her kitchen in 1983. She is a British perfumer and is particularly known for her scented candles. Joanne Lesley Malone had severe dyslexia and left school without any qualifications that however, did not stop her from creating the company with her mother Eileen.In her early twenties, Joanne Lesley Malone followed in her mother’s footsteps and became a facialist. Unable to afford her own workspace at that time, Joanne Lesley Malone had to work out of her apartment. As her business grew, Joanne Lesley Malone came up with the idea of gifting her clients a small token of appreciation, and came up with her very first concoction â€Å"Nutmeg and Ginger’ by mixing batches of bathe oil on her stove. Her clients loved it and went back to her to purchase more of her products which made her business grew.Despite having no substantial training, Joanne Lesley Malone began making perfumes as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Background Information on Jo Malone London or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unlike most fragrances which have a complex blend of light, medium and heavy notes, Joanne Lesley Malone’s scents only had one or two notes. After the fledging business took off, Joanne Lesley Malone and her husband found and renovated a London retail space, that became the site of her eponymously named store. Lines of customers formed down when Jo Malone London opened its first outlet at 154 Walton Street, London in 1994.Jo Malone London became popular after Joanne Lesley Malone made an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show.In 1999, Joanne Lesley Malone launched her flagship store in London’s Sloane Street. In the same year, although initially reluctant to give up a company no matter what the price, Joanne Lesley Malone eventually sold Jo Malone London to Està ©e Lauder. Joanne Lesley Malone continued to work for the brand as the creative director until 2006, where she sold the company to Està ©e Lauder in its entirety and was barred from creating a new fragrance or skincare line for 5 years due to a non-compete agreement.

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Hydrogen Powered Cars essays

Hydrogen Powered Cars essays Hydrogen, the simplest element, is composed of one proton and one electron. It makes up more than 90% of the composition of the universe. More than 30% of the mass of the sun is atomic hydrogen. It is the third most abundant element in the earth's surface, and is found mostly in water. Under ordinary conditions, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonpoisonous gas composed of diatomic molecules (H2). When cars burn gasoline, they would ideally burn it perfectly and create nothing but carbon dioxide and water in their exhaust. Unfortunately, the internal combustion engine is not perfect. In the process of burning the gasoline, it also produces; Carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas , Nitrogen oxides, the main source of urban smog , unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone . Catalytic converters eliminate much of this pollution, but they aren't perfect either. Air pollution from cars is a real problem in big cities. Carbon is also a problem. When Carbon burns, it turns into a lot of carbon dioxide gas. Gasoline is mostly carbon by weight, so a gallon of gas might release 5 to 6 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere. The U.S. is releasing roughly 2 billion pounds of carbon into the atmosphere each day. If it were solid carbon, it would be extremely noticeable, it would be like throwing a 5-pound bag of sugar out the window of your car for every gallon of gas burned (Knapp 1). But because the 5 pounds of carbon comes out as an invisible gas (carbon dioxide), most of us are oblivious to it. The carbon dioxide coming out of every car's tailpipe is a greenhouse gas. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a strong possibility that, eventually, there will be climate changes that affect everyone on the planet. For this reason, there are growing efforts to replace gasoline with hydrogen. There are two possible sources for the hydrogen. Electrolysis of water; Using electricity, it is easy ...

Heart is a lonely hunter - symbology of music Essay

Heart is a lonely hunter - symbology of music - Essay Example When one reads â€Å"The Heart is a Lonely Hunter,† they can hear the sounds of music through the words, as music shapes the way that this entire novel is written. The language of the novel is sometimes written in such a way that makes it seem as though one is listening to music that is rhythmic and harmonious, such as when the depressing duets take place between Mick and Singer. At other times, however, the novel takes a different turn, as the language makes it seem as though one is listening to music that is harsh and discordant, such as when the final argument takes place between Jake and Dr. Copeland. Along with the different types of music that are portrayed in the novel, McCullers also enables us to experience silence, as in the case of singer, who is a mute (Big Read, 2). Not to mention, this novel is musical in that it deals with the polyphonic characteristics of words and phrases, as it relates to the structure of the complete novel (Fuller 57). McCullers is ingenious in how she creates different voices with the characters in the novel that have differing tones and sounds that are like different musical instruments, which are to represent the way their lives are, as well as their thoughts and what they are determined to do; yet, these voices sing similar notes, which are the two similar themes in which the novel is written around.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Assignment - 5

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Assignment Example Walmart’s international operations began in 1991 when the retailer entered into a joint venture with Cifra, a Mexican retail company. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013, the retailer recorded net sales of $274 billion from its U.S. operations. During the same period, Walmart garnered net sales of $135 billion from its international operations. Technological changes including advancements in information and communication technology have played a monumental role in Walmart’s success. Walmart has been a pioneer in embracing technology. In 1987, the company installed the largest private satellite communication system in the United States (Walmart, 2014). The system enabled the retailer to link its business operations through voice, data as well as video communication. The company uses robots in its warehouses to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The retailer is also introducing convertible cash registers at its stores to enable self-checkout by customers. Walmart relies heavily on information technology in its back office support functions. Walmart recognizes the importance of the rapidly expanding e-commerce market and has invested heavily to build strong capabilities in online and mobile infrastructure. A strong web presence is likely to enable Walmart offer a wide assortment of products to its customers anytime, anywhere. An upgraded search engine for walmart.com has already led to increased online sales for the retailer. The various macro environmental dimensions like political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors affect the working of Walmart. The ideology of the government determines whether it is pro or anti business. Since Walmart is present in numerous countries, it faces diverse political circumstances. Political instability in any country has the potency to adversely affect the operations and revenues of Walmart. The retailer has to ensure

Mass Communication Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mass Communication Theory - Essay Example The prime requirement of any news story to make it a news story is that is should be accurate and contain facts or ideas that are interesting to a considerable number of recipients. Everyday a news editor and publisher receives a number of different information pieces that fit the criteria of being new but not every news is publishable, therefore there are certain elements that a news piece must have to get the place in the paper or on airtime (Bonnie Anderson, 2004).  Of the most fundamental criteria, that every news article has to meet to acquire a place in the mass media is its timeliness. Although the factor of is not always essential but hot burning news is always eagerly awaited than then the old and stale news and becomes a good news piece easily passing the selection table. Timeliness or temporality of the news or the current news is the very essence of the news media. The importance of this peculiar feature of news cannot be over-emphasized. Proximity also plays its role i n making the news piece get pass the selection process because it greatly increases the importance for the audience. Sometimes novelty and uniqueness of the event also adds importance to the news that makes it qualify the news selection process. Man is always curious to know the things that he does not know before and therefore always tries not let go of an opportunity to satiate certain aspects of his curiosity. Another important element that plays an important role in the selection.... Everyday a news editor and publisher receives a number of different information pieces that fit the criteria of being new but not every news is publishable, therefore there are certain elements that a news piece must have to get the place in the paper or on airtime (Bonnie Anderson, 2004). Of the most fundamental criteria, that every news article has to meet to acquire a place in the mass media is its timeliness. Although the factor of is not always essential but hot burning news is always eagerly awaited than then the old and stale news and becomes a good news piece easily passing the selection table. Timeliness or temporality of the news or the current news is the very essence of the news media. The importance of this peculiar feature of news cannot be over-emphasized. Proximity also plays its role in making the news piece get pass the selection process because it greatly increases the importance for the audience. Sometimes novelty and uniqueness of the event also adds importance t o the news that makes it qualify the news selection process. Man is always curious to know the things that he does not know before and therefore always tries not let go of an opportunity to satiate certain aspects of his curiosity. Another important element that plays an important role in the selection of the news event is the size of the event. A small training plane accident with no human casualty may be news but not as important as a crash of a 747 with over 400 passengers and huge death toll. There is no way such news will not be able to get a place in the news media. The importance of the news is also determined by the policy of the newspaper or news-channel. An economic analysis of the current national affairs done by the economic news

Diversified in industries and electronics

Diversified in industries and electronics Introduction Initially, Samsung started out as a small export business in Korea. It then diversified in industries and electronics. The company has been responsive to change and opportunity in global business brought by the digital era with its constant innovation and attractive, marketable products.1 As a result, Samsung is now positioned as one of the world recognized leaders in the digital technology industry. The Samsung World Headquarters is located in Seoul, Korean. 1 History In 1938, founding chairman Byung-Chull Lee started a small trade export business in Taegu, Korea. In the 1970s, Samsung invested in the heavy, chemical and petrochemical industries as a foundation for future growth. Samsung also incorporated its manufacturing processes from raw materials to end products which further enhance its position in the worlds textile industry. Samsungs core technology businesses diversified and expanded globally during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Soon after, two research and development (RD) institutes were created. This boost its reach even further into electronics, semiconductors, high polymer chemicals, genetic engineering, optical telecommunications, aerospace and new fields of technology innovation from nanotechnology to advanced network architectures. In the mid-1990s, Samsung revolutionised its business aiming to make world-class products, provide total customer satisfaction and be a good corporate citizen. Samsung has constantly developed advance d technologies, competitive products and constant innovation 1. Main Technologies and Capabilities Main Capabilities Research and Development Innovation is at the heart Samsungs business success. To be competitive in the new digital age, Samsung maintains and strengthens its market dominance through the speedy introduction of new technology. The company has placed high importance to the interplay of creative, imaginative human resources, a global RD network, a strong collaboration among business partners all along the supply chain, and the commitment to ongoing investment. Currently, Samsung is making historic advances in RD of semiconductor products, especially flash memory and non-memory, custom semiconductors, DRAM and SRAM, LCDs, mobile phones, and digital appliances1 Eco Samsung Samsung has displayed its strong commitment and responsibility for the world environment. It has made efforts to develop environmentally-friendly products which consume low levels of energy and which contain no hazardous materials. The company has also modified its assembly processes to cut down carbon emissions substantially.2 Main Technologies Samsung comprises of companies that have become market leaders in a wide range of business, from electronics to financial services, from chemicals and heavy industries to trade and services. All the businesses are setting new standards in innovation, constantly generating high quality products and services.3 Owing to Samsungs large RD sector, many new technologies and innovative designs emerge. Below are a few of the newest technologies developed by Samsung. Main Markets, Products and Competitors Markets Samsung Group consists of numerous international affiliated businesses such as Samsung Electronics, Samsung Heavy Industries, and Samsung CT. These three multinational core businesses of Samsung Group signify their strong foothold in the electronics, shipbuilding and construction markets. Besides that, Samsung also plays a part in the financial, chemical, retail and entertainment markets. 1 Samsung reports a strong presence in its home country of South Korea as its market share in telecommunications is 18.87%. 1 Samsung appeals to the global market as it is the most popular consumer electronics brand since 2005 with 7.55% of global market share in telecommunications1. Products Samsung first started moving into businesses such as insurance, securities and retail. Later, upon borrowed foreign investments, Samsung ventured into the telecommunications industry with Samsung Electronics. With the support of South Korean President; Samsung developed the first dynamic random access memory chip. 1Most importantly Samsung are leading in the production of memory chips, chipmakers and liquid-crystal display panels. 1 Considered as a strong competitor in the world of electronics, Samsung highlighted innovative strategy and expanded production rapidly to become the worlds largest producers of DRAM chips, flash memory, optical storage and recently liquid crystal displays. In addition Samsung strives to improve by delivering innovative products such as the TV and monitor industrys thinnest LED TVs and most compact colour laser printers and multifunctional devices. Being a global leader in telecommunications equipment; Samsung plays the role in development of the next gene ration of 4G-network. 1 Competitors According to the Figure 1 below; Nokia is clearly the main competitor as it holds 37% of the mobile phones sales global market share. In 2009, Samsungs touch screen devices, QWERTY phones and smart phones drove sales in mature markets with 19% of the global market share7. LG poses 11% as a competitor as it moves into lower-tier devices which drive growth in emerging markets. It is also well positioned to take advantage of Chinas 3G Rollout as it can deliver good-value-for-money devices. Motorola has 11% market share which is reasonably smaller, however with its presence rapidly concentrated on the American it serves as a competition in the American market. Being in a competitive market, Sony Ericsson at 5% of the global market share attributes its poor performance to its uncompetitive range of handsets such as exploiting trends like QWERTY products. Therefore Sony Ericsson is a smaller competitor compare to Nokia and other phones such as Apple, HTC, and Blackberry. Nokia is Samsungs biggest competitor due to its early investments in GSM technologies therefore making the company into the worlds largest mobile producer manufacture. Up to date Nokia produced various innovative products such as the first 3G phones, Ovi internet services and N-series multimedia phone. Nokias revenue is reported to be 9.3 million Euros. 9 Its success is due to its high investment in the RD which is present in 16 countries, representing 31% of their total workforce. 8 Nokia phones are also seen as being highest quality as they have a highly recognizable packaging style which operates with an aggressive marketing strategy hence elevating them above their competitors. Samsungs Innovative Activities Samsungs ambition to become one of the worlds top companies is supported by continuous pursuit in innovative RD and building a distinctive brand. As stated in the Annual Report 2008, approximately 40 %( 42,100 researchers) of Samsungs global employees are involved in RD to develop cutting edge technologies1. Samsung Advanced Institute in Technology is the global hub of Samsungs RD organization which includes Mechatronics and Manufacturing Technology Centre and 14 overseas centres7. In 2008, Samsung obtained 3,515 patents in the US with an increase from 2007 placing them in second place in the annual patent ranking. To further push forward in a variety of market and customer focused brand marketing programs, Samsung successfully completed their role as the official wireless equipment partner of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and Paralympics Games. 7 In 2008, Samsungs investment of 6.9 trillion KRW which represented 9.5% of parent company sales brings in technological breakthrough such as 256GB solid-state drive, 90nm high-performance smart card chip, 82-inch 120Hz quad-HD-resolution TV panel, and a Mobile WiMax II (802.61m) solution.1 This also enables innovations like front-load washers with time, energy and wear-saving â€Å"bubble wash† technology and the industrys most compact colour laser printers. Following these success, Samsung plans to invest 7.9 trillion KRW in RD to support future development of tomorrows technology. 7 RD Structure and Priorities Table 2: Core business research areas at SAIT10 Research in Product Areas Descriptions Computer Science Drives long term differentiation of Samsung platforms(phones, TV) by combining Computer Science with Consumer Electronics Research involves building tangible artifacts like prototypes so that we can learn from the process of building them Current research: situation awareness, Intelligent Web Media and trusted platforms Situation awareness develops novel, optimal personalized services leading the next generation of personalized mobile technology Intelligent Web Media pioneers technologies such as new phenomenon in which all TV content is available on the Internet can be streamed or dowloaded directly to the TV Trusted platforms researches on strong protection of device firmware for network providers and users Wireless Connectivity Research in developing a wide range of cutting edge wireless techniques such as beam forming to initiate ubiqitous wireless connectivity with various data requirements up to multi-giga bits per second Digital Media Solution(DMS) Advanced Algorithm: engaged in research and development related to theories, algorithm, and application of image and video processing for Samsung Digital TVs Core Platform: Actively researching to provide Internet Protocol Television to provide internet and cable connectivity Future User Experience: develop user interface designs from conceptualization through prototyping to implementation Advanced Printing Solution Research in Software Architecture Technology enabling the efficient development of increasingly complex software Research areas in System Technology involves new features protoypes and etc Current and future research areas in Solution Software Technology are core research related to Web technologies and application of Web Services to printers Storage To develop quiet hard drives with highest storage capacity and lowest power consumption Organisation of RD Samsungs RD organisation run in SAIT consists of three layers: Samsungs technology competitiveness in core business areas identifies growth engines for the future and securing, and management of technology. The RD centres of each business focus on technology that is expected to deliver the long-term results. Division product development teams are responsible for marketing products due to hit markets in a short period of time. From the Figure 2, the organisation is shown to be a hybrid between centralised and decentralised RD. It is a simplified diagram of the organisation of Samsung RD involving SAIT and two of their centres in their global network of RD. Samsungs RD network consist of six centres in Korea and 18 centres in 9 different countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Israel, India, Japan and China. 11 These various RD centres and their distribution into research areas such as Dallas Telecom Laboratory that research on technologies and products for next-generation telecommunications systems. Innovation Strategy Firms Innovation Strategy Background and Strategy â€Å"By implementing this newly established RD plan, we can develop the technology that will drive Samsungs future.† -Hak-Soo Lee, vice-chairman of Samsung Electronics said.14 Samsung Electronics instituted many RD centres globally to enhance in-house product design. The first centre was established in Osaka, Japan, followed by another in Frankfurt, Germany to focus on products for the European markets.15 In the same year, Samsung Electronics established a research centre to address product planning needs in South-East Asian markets. In November 2000, Samsung Electronics targeted to transform itself into a â€Å"Digital -eCompany†, capable of leading in digital convergence. The company upgraded the development model from division-centric into portfolio-centri16. This aimed to multiple divisions and units to create integrated solutions for home networks, mobile networks, office networks and core-component business portfolios. With these initiatives, Samsung Electronics pursued four key areas: RD, design, brand marketing and corporate citizenship. Investment in Design and RD RD is an important innovation strategy at Samsung. RD and design centres developed technologies which is being used to produce products. Samsung Electronics employed more than 40000 engineers17 in its RD department, and 3,200 held PhDs. Samsung Electronics attributed its leading position in the industry to four main factors: creative people in the organization who could develop technologies; co-operation among business partners throughout the supply chain; the firms ability to explore and penetrate new markets; and the speed of innovation and product development18. Users-Centric Design Philosophy Samsung Electronics applied the design philosophy into its products and stressed that â€Å"design and creative strengths were at the heart of corporate competitiveness.†19 This reflected a concept of a balance between reason and feelings, from which Samsung Electronics developed a scale with â€Å"reason† on one end and â€Å"feeling† on the other to measure perfection of design. The products manufactured by Apple Computer Inc (â€Å"Apple†) occupied the â€Å"feeling† zone with an emphasis on simplicity of products, whereas Sony products tended toward the â€Å"reason† zone with lots of complex features.20 However, Samsung Electronics designers balanced â€Å"reason† and â€Å"feeling† by rationalizing the design of products using geometric and technological parameters and then enhancing the design such that products made an emotional connection with the user. Over 700 highly skilled designers in different design centres conducted various research projects in the fields of industrial design, graphic design, interaction design, human factors, lifestyle research; creative business-planning, visual brand strategy, materials exploration, colour theory and computer-aided design. Global Localization strategy Global Localization strategy is adopted, through which designers developed product design blueprints according to global design standards and themes, while remaining flexible enough to allow local design centres to accommodate specific market needs and cultural contexts.22 A simple example is explained by, Younghee Lee, vice-president of marketing, that beautiful design of mobile phones could be appreciated by a Parisian or Indian, but noted that the Indian user, who often lacked a reliable electricity supply, needed a longer-lasting battery than a Parisian.23 The Global Localization strategy helped Samsung Electronics establish itself as an innovative and first-class consumer electronics company. EXHIBIT 1: SAMSUNGS DESIGN PHILOSOPHY: BALANCE OF REASON AND FEELING Fast Follower To overcome the companys image as a producer of cheap products, Samsung Electronss product diversification differentiated the company from its key competitors, many of which were focused on single or smaller numbers of products. Apple, for example, specialised in portable music players and held a major share in the global market for these devices. Nokia and Motorola were best known for mobile phones, and Sony focused on consumer electronics. The market trends and technological, also the competitive circumstances impacts on its innovation strategy, which has a lots of reason to reveal that Samsung Electron is fast follower, although some brand-new design of products were launched. Protect its innovations Samsung Electronics strategy of combining product design, RD and brand management turned the firm into a leader in the consumer electronics market. Samsung Electronics operated six RD centres in South Korea and a total of 16 centres in eight different countries. These RD centres developed technologies that could be commercialised in the near future. The CTO developed proprietary technologies, managed the deployment of key technologies and guided the overall RD process within the organisation. This highly efficiency of organization system is not easily imitated by the rivals in a short period of time. Thus, it has enough evidence to believe that a large amount of RD spending combined with brand management as well as the effective organization system is able to protect its innovations. Patents and Achievement During seven years from 2001, Samsung Electronics received 19 awards at the International Design Excellence Awards (â€Å"IDEA†). In 2006, the company registered 17,377 patents worldwide, including patents aimed at fusion technology, nanotechnology and biotechnology24. In 2007, Samsung Electronics held a dominant worldwide market share25for LCDs and TVs. The company unparalleled edge and leadership in RD and design were underscored by awards for 32 of its products at the CES Innovations 2008 Awards. Challenges for the Future Competition in the consumer electronics market was fierce, as many global players entered the market with large product portfolios. Digital convergence invited more companies from related industries such as software, PC and network services to enter the market. Entry of such new players further intensified the competition. Competitors of Samsung Electronics such as LG, Nokia, Panasonic, Sony and some Chinese firms had started investing heavily in RD and product design. All major competitors adopted the concept of localizing their product design to suit target markets. The design advantage of Samsung Electronics started to diminish as product design strategies and processes became commoditized. Samsung Electronics had to devise strategies to defend not only its position in the market, but also its profitability in the competitive environment. Advancements in technology had shortened product lifecycles and product replacement had become a key driver for revenue growth. Samsung Electronics invested about 9% of net sales in RD of newer technologies, features and designs to offer newer products and attract customers. However, some of its competitors, including Apple, Sony and LG Electronics, had significantly lower RD expenditure per product. Firms such as Philips, Dell and Motorola were adopting outsourcing of product design to lower RD costs and shorten time-to-market. These brands were buying product blueprints and technology from contract manufacturers and independent design firms such as IDEO, Quanta Computer, Premier Imaging, HCL Technologies and Wipro Technologies. Companies took varying approaches to design outsourcing. For example, HP contributed key technology and design to its computers, whereas Dell preferred to adopt entire designs from its design partners. Motorola bought complete designs for its low-end mobile phones but kept tight control over the development of its high-end cell phones, such as the Razr. However, outsourcing of product design and RD raised serious concerns about intellectual property rights, product management, integrity and incubation of new competitors. For example, Motorola outsourced the design and manufacturing of its mobile phones to Taiwanese manufacturer BenQ. In 2004, BenQ started selling the mobile phones in the Chinese market under its own brand, which resulted in termination of its contract with Motorola. Considering the immediate urge to optimise RD costs and potential concerns associated with design outsourcing. References Samsung INC. (2009) [Online] Available from http://www.samsung.com/uk/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/history03.html Samsung INC. (2009) [Online] Available from http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/aboutus/ESH/ESH.html Samsung INC. (2009) [Online] Available from http://www.samsung.com/uk/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/affiliatedcompanies.html Samsung INC. (2009) [Online] Available from http://www.samsung.com/uk/aboutsamsung/ourbusinesses/businessarea/devicesolutionsbusiness.html Gartner Newsroom: http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1126812 Nokia Connecting People: Story of Nokia http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/company/story-of-nokia/mobile-revolution/leading-the-world Appsolutely Everything: Samsung Market Share: http://stats.getjar.com/statistics/world/manufacturer/Samsung Nokia: Mobile Revolution: http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/company/story-of-nokia/mobile-revolution Nokia: Biz Covering: http://bizcovering.com/major-companies/nokias-revenue-lowered-with-twenty-seven-percent/ Samsung Research and Development: http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/ourbusinesses/researchdevelopment.html Samsung RD Center(SISA): http://www.sisa.samsung.com/default.htm Kim, Y. (1997) â€Å"Technological Capabilities and Samsung Electronics International Production Network in Asia†, BRIE Kim, Y. (1997) â€Å"Technological Capabilities and Samsung Electronics International Production Network in Asia†, BRIE Working Paper 106, p. 20 Newswire (8 November 2005) â€Å"Samsung Companies Announce 5-Year, 47 Trillion Won Investment Plan† Kim, Y. (1997) â€Å"Technological Capabilities and Samsung Electronics International Production Network in Asia†, BRIE Working Paper 106, p. 26 Samsung Electronics (2001) â€Å"Annual Report† Samsung Electronics (2007) â€Å"Annual Report† Samsung Electronics (2007) â€Å"Annual Report† Samsung (2006) â€Å"Annual Report†, p. 41. Breen, B. (2007) â€Å"The Seoul of Design† Delaney, M., et al. (2002) â€Å"Global Localization†, Global Design and Cultural Identity Ibid., p. 44. Ewing, J. (2008) â€Å"Samsungs New Marketing Push†, BusinessWeek Samsung Electronics (2006) â€Å"Annual Report† Samsung Electronics (2007) â€Å"Annual Report†.

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac :: essays research papers

"Physical Laws should have mathematical beauty." This statement was Dirac's response to the question of his philosophy of physics, posed to him in Moscow in 1955. He wrote it on a blackboard that is still preserved today.[1] Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (1902-1984), known as P. A. M. Dirac, was the fifteenth Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1933 with Erwin Schrodinger.[2] He is considered to be the founder of quantum mechanics, providing the transition from quantum theory. The Cambridge Philosophical Society awarded him the Hopkins Medal in 1930. He was awarded the Royal Medal by the Royal Society of London in 1939 and the James Scott Prize from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1952 the Max Plank Medal came from the Association of German Physical Societies, as well as the Copley Medal from the Royal Society. The Akademie der Wissenschaften in the German Democratic Republic presented him with the Helmholtz Medal in 1964. In 1969 he received the Oppenheimer Prize from the University of Miami. Lastly in 1973, he received the Order of Merit.[3] Dirac was well known for his almost anti--social behavior, but he was a member of many scientific organizations throughout the world. Naturally, he was a member of the Royal Society, but he was also a member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforsher and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He was a foreign member of Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques and the Academie des Sciences, the Accademia delle Scienze Torino and the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and the National Academy of Science. He was an honorary member and fellow of the Indian Academy of Science, the Chinese Physical Society, the Royal Irish Academy, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the National Institute of Sciences in India, the American Physical Society, the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research in India, the Royal Danish Academy, and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He was a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.[4] The world wide respect he earned for his work was well deserved. A prolific writer, Dirac published over two hundred works between 1924 and 1987, mainly papers in physics journals on topics relating to quantum mechanics. His book Principles of Quantum Mechanics , published in 1930, was the first textbook in the discipline and became the standard.[5] Some predictions made by Dirac are still untested because his theoretical work was so far reaching, but many other predictions have been verified, assuring him of a special place in the history of physics.[6] Dirac was three years old when Einstein published his famous papers on

Kasanayan Sa Filipino Essay

Romblon /rÉ’mˈbloÊŠn/rom-blohn, (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Romblon), is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. It lies south of Marinduque and Quezon, east of Mindoro, north of Aklan and Capiz, and west of Masbate. Its capital is also named Romblon. According the May 2010 Philippine census, it has a total population of 283,930 people.[2] The province of Romblon is composed of three larger islands; Romblon Island at the center where the provincial capital is located, Tablas Island to the west, and Sibuyan Island to the east. It also includes the smaller islands of Banton, Maestro de Campo, Simara, Carabao, Carlota and Isabel. Approximately 187 nautical miles (346 km) south of Manila, the islands of Romblon lie on Sibuyan Sea, south of Marinduque Island and north of Panay Island. To the east is the island of Masbate and in the west, the island of Mindoro. The province is composed of three major islands: Romblon, where the capital city of Romblon is lo cated, Tablas, the largest island in the province, and Sibuyan, the easternmost island. There are also four smaller island municipalities: Banton Island, Simara Island, Maestro de Campo Island, and Carabao Island. Most of Romblon’s islands have a mountainous and rugged topography, and are of volcanic origin. The highest elevation in the province is Mount Guiting-Guiting in Sibuyan, which stands at 2,058 m. The peak boasts one of the most challenging climbs in the country due to its jagged summit.[3] Due to its geography, the province is endowed with lush vegetation and mineral resources. The fertile soil nurtures various agricultural activities. Being an archipelago, its coasts are dotted with numerous fine, white sand beaches such as in Carabao Island and Cresta del Gallo. Offshore, Romblon is a rich fishing ground. The islands lie on the migratory path of fishes from the Sulu and Visayan Seas, passing the Tablas Strait, Sibuyan Sea and Romblon Pass.[4] Romblon does not have a truly pronounced wet or dry season though the heaviest rainfall occurs from September to January. The driest months are March and April which are the best months to visit the province. 27Â ° Celsius is the annual mean temperature, with February being the coldest month with temperatures dropping to 20Â °C, and May being the warmest month wherein temperatures could reach 35Â °C. Southwest monsoon winds or Habagat pass through the province from June to October while northeasterly winds or Amihan blows through the islands from December to February. This Turtle Sanctuary Project is Sponsored by Chris Bech and his wife Theresa – Beach Land Estate Inc. Tablas Island. We are proud to pass on our latest pictures of the new baby Turtles that were hatched yesterday at our Turtle Sanctuary in Ferrol, Tablas Island, Romblon. 64 new baby turtles all hatched and are healthy and eating well, there are another 120 eggs in another batch, and 80 in another batch of eggs, they should hatch within the next week or so, we will update you. We have made a turtle egg protective area, to protect the eggs from predators, and we have a nipa hut where we assist visitors and have viewing area, we are in the process of making a new web site Romblon Marine Life which will be published early January 2012.

The Invention of the Wheelbarrow

The Invention of the Wheelbarrow Its one of those ideas that seems so self-evident, once you have seen it in action. Rather than carrying heavy loads on your back, or burdening a pack animal with them, you can put them into a tub or basket that has a wheel beneath and long handles for pushing or pulling. Voila!   The wheelbarrow does most of the work for you. But who first came up with this brilliant idea? Where was the wheelbarrow invented? The First Wheelbarrows Were Created in China Not too surprisingly, the first wheelbarrows seem to have been created in China - along with the first gunpowder, paper, seismoscopes, paper currency, magnetic compasses, crossbows, and many other key inventions. The exact date and the actual inventors name both seem to be lost to history, but it seems likely that people in China have been using wheelbarrows for around 2,000 years. Invented in 231 CE According to legend, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms Period, a man named Zhuge Liang, invented the wheelbarrow in 231 CE as a form of military technology. At the time, Shu Han was embroiled in a war with Cao Wei, another of the three kingdoms for which the era is named.   The Gliding Horse Zhuge Liang needed an efficient way to transport food and munitions to the front lines, so he came up with the idea of making a wooden ox with a single wheel.  Another traditional nickname for this simple handcart is the gliding horse. Using the wooden ox, a single soldier could easily carry enough food to feed four men for the entire month. As a result, the Shu Han tried to keep the technology a secret - they did not want to lose their advantage over the Cao Wei. Archaeological Evidence This legend is very tidy and satisfying, but probably untrue.  Archaeological evidence suggests that Chinese people were using the wheelbarrow more than a century before Zhuge Liangs supposed invention of the device in 231 CE. For example, a wall painting in a tomb near Chengdu, in Sichuan Province, shows a man using a wheelbarrow - and that painting was made in 118 CE. Another tomb, also in Sichuan Province, includes a depiction of a wheelbarrow in its carved wall reliefs; that example dates back to the year 147 CE. Invented in the Second Century in Sichuan Province It seems possible, then, that the wheelbarrow was invented in the second century in Sichuan Province.   As it happens, the Shu Han Dynasty was based in what is now Sichuan and Chongqing Provinces. The Cao Wei kingdom encompassed northern China, Manchuria, and parts of what is now North Korea, and had its capital at Luoyang in present-day Henan Province. Conceivably, the people of Wei were not yet aware of the wheelbarrow and its possible military applications in 231 CE.   Thus, the legend could be half-correct.  Zhuge Liang probably did not actually invent the wheelbarrow.   Some clever farmer likely had the idea first. But the Shu prime minister and general may well have been the first to use the technology in battle - and may have tried to keep it a secret from the Wei, who had not yet discovered the ease and convenience of the wooden ox. Since that time, wheelbarrows have been used for carrying all kinds of burdens, from harvested crops to mine tailings, and pottery to building materials.  Sickly, wounded, or elderly people could be carried to the doctor, before the advent of the ambulance. As the photo above shows, wheelbarrows were still being used to carry casualties of war into the 20th century. Invented Again in Medieval Europe In fact, the wheelbarrow was such a good idea that it was invented again, apparently independently, in medieval Europe. This appears to have happened sometime in the late 12th century. Unlike Chinese wheelbarrows, which usually had the wheel under the middle of the barrow, European wheelbarrows generally had the wheel or wheels at the front.

Find Out Which SAT Score Is Preferable at Target College

Find Out Which SAT Score Is Preferable at Target College By the time you’re reading this article, you may have already taken  your SAT and received your scores. The question is how to interpret your results properly now. Perhaps, you want to know what each score means for your further participation. Finally, each participant wants to know how much score is enough to pass. First of all, we’ll reply to this question briefly. Next, we’re going to interpret each result separately. Use this article as a step by step guide to explain how successful you are in taking your tests. As far as SAT results predetermine your further academic future, there are more reasons to care about them. Do you really want to study in a college or university? Then, your SAT grade really matters, and you should get ready to face this sort of test carefully. You may even postpone your regular high school math test in order to look through possible SAT questions. Please note that the interpretations of SAT outcomes are taken with respect to the country level. Reading and writing are not the only two skills you’ll need to pass your test successfully. Still, to get prepared better, students may use online help from competitive writing agencies. Anyway, SAT is the sort of exam that requires a deep knowledge of specific subjects based on everything you’ve studied at school long with everything you might have learned on your own. But basically, all of the questions were at least one time covered during your school life. Thus, every student has equal chances to gain high SAT outcome. It’s just important to find out which result is necessary for particular college or school. Before you take SAT, it’s crucial to know many nuances such as the passing score for your target college and current year’s requirements. Right, they might change from year to year for various institutions. The latest generally accepted SAT score was 1600. Out of this, 1000 is considered an  average score. You may treat SAT as some kind of admissions where your English, writing, and reading skills are awarded the certain grade. The best achievement for the old SAT was 2400, so 1500 was an average number on the range. In any case, students need to provide as many correct answers as possible. By the way, if you wonder about the officially registered SAT scores for the last decade, you should know that approximately 50% of all students ended up better than the given threshold of 1000-1500. Unfortunately, the other half failed. The good thing is that now you can take any test, including SAT, online. The student will receive its tests results on his e-mail address respectively. For instance, if there are some international students who wish to study English in its native countries, online SAT is just the right choice for them. It is also the best way to check English proficiency and the knowledge of some subjects in particular (e.g., math). According to current data, 25% of all SAT participants made it through to roughly 1200+. Thus, we can say that the outcome of above 1200 is considered high enough. Still, check the report of your target college or university to learn how much local students usually gain not to fall behind. Many students who fail to pass with 840-1000, so if you fall into that range, it might be harder for you to pass the admissions. At last, it is important to know that the majority of colleges will  approve scores from both SATs for the Class of 2017. New SAT Requirements Challenges Now, let’s get to the things students might not enjoy. The test can be still taken for free, but there are many new confusing nuances and criteria. Even though the total score was made lower, the overall SAT system has become more complicated. You will have to deal with cross-test, science, and sub-scores. Recent concordance tables  are even worse. The list of the most frequently asked SAT-related questions and answers to them is provided further in the text. Once again, let’s repeat what different results mean with the help of convenient table: New SAT (of 1600) Old SAT (of 2400) Perfect (top 25%) 1200 1800 Good (average) 1000 1500 Poor (worst 25%) 840 1260 We would like to remind you that you have to find out what is acceptable for your specific college even though SAT is the national test which should obey the same standards everywhere. Also, it might be different with online tests. The lowest score on the range which every student can obtain is 400, but it does not mean this is a passing threshold. It’s a failure, in fact! You might wonder whether the national average is treated on the same level by every admissions board. What if the whole American population is not actually the right ground for discovering what a good SAT grade means? Not every applicant is an international student or young celebrity with higher privileges. Based on your individual competence and skills, try to find out which SAT grade is the best you can gain. Forget about the scale – there are six steps you have to take to define your personal SAT score. Define Your Individual SAT Number Step 1: You Need This Worksheet Before we move to the next stages, please download and start reading the following worksheet. It takes less time to download it instead of writing it from zero.   Step 2: Determine Colleges You Want to Apply Write down the names of schools and colleges you’re interested in. Provide short analysis of each based on the objective report and your own expectations. Skip writing down  safety schools (we mean those that you're 90% sure you'll get enrolled). Follow the advice of your friends if you have not chosen any college yet. You need these data on hands to learn which SAT score is the best you might gain.   Step 3: Type in "[Name of School] Prep scholar  SAT" To find the demanded SAT score, discover a proper web page with the help of all-time favorite search engine like Google. If you have a pure interest in the University of Los Angeles, enter â€Å"The University of Los Angeles Preschoolar SAT: Desirable Score† or something like that. The majority of colleges or schools will show a PrepScholar.com link. Double check your numbers with the help of one popular method: "[name of school] average sat score." Let’s talk a bit about percentiles as the part of SAT score. The twenty-fifth percentile means that 25% of all students who took the exam received a score at or below that number. Mind that in case you are at the 25th percentile, you'll have to prove that you are the right candidate in another effective way like admissions essay or cover letter.   Step 4: Meet New SAT Score Out of 1600 It is important to convert all old scores with respect to the latest rules of SAT. To do so quickly, we recommend using online converter tool, which was designed based on concordance tables from the College Board. Step 5: Find Out Your Final SAT Score Decide on which score is perfect on individual level. Compare the average of all columns meaning the twenty-fifth percentile along with 75th percentile. It is best to aim higher to the 75th percentile score as this particular SAT index gives more chances of getting accepted to all colleges and schools you’ve mentioned. Your life goal is different from your peers. Thus your course name also will be different. That is why it is important to define your personal number instead of asking your friends to share their target scores with you. The hack is that you should divide your purpose SAT score by two. Whenever you decide to apply to engineering college or university, mind that your Math score has to be 50 points higher than the rest. Thus, it is crucial to know your main subject and further course list. Your English has to be excellent in all cases. Step 6: State Your Goal So far, your writing is over. It’s time to analyze your prepared table and school analysis carefully and compare the target SAT scores. There are still 2 things left to accomplish: Talk to your parents to get some useful piece of advice regarding the selected colleges. Tape it to your wall.  Visualize your target SAT score and college every day to make your dream more real. If you are taking your SAT online or wish to get ready better, it is just the right time to order some internet assistance delivered by online writing services.

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media - Essay Example These can be inappropriate and offensive information. Since the media plays an important role in informing society, it is necessary to review the information let out. This is on an effort to reduce propaganda, violence and cases related to false media reports. This paper seeks to discuss the violence portrayed by the media, the impact and censorship of the media. The paper also discusses a viable solution to the problem of violence in the media. It is a common case of children trying to imitate what they have seen on the television in reality. The children are the most vulnerable group to thee violence depicted in the television. In one instance, after viewing a movie on the television, a teen-aged boy and his fellows went ahead to lie down along the centerline of the highway. These teenagers were imitating a scene from a movie they had previously watched. This prompted touchstone pictures to remove the scene from the movie since it had caused fatalities. This tragedy is one among ma ny others that children view violent material in the television and try to emulate. In another instance in Ohio, a child set his parents’ house on fire resulting to the death of her sister who was trapped in the house. A program in MTV, Beavis and Butthead, prompted this act. Austin Messner a five year old is a victim of the free media. Media to some aspects does not make considerations before airing some programs. Although MTV did not claim responsibility to this tragedy, they restructured their program schedule and Beavis and Butthead was put on a late night slot. From these examples is that human beings are passive and are easily influenced by what they see. On another perspective is that people have different shared experiences and will think and react in the same way. This informs that common concept that television viewing is a way of knowing the self and the people around the self. Censorship, therefore, is an important issue and it should be upheld in every societies. Clearly, it is only through censorship that the young, vulnerable and innocent are protected (Cottle, 2011). This is based on the premise that most people do not know what is good or bad content. The society has shaped certain norms that many come to agree with, but in the real sense, they are detrimental. There is too much violent and explicit content in the media today, but people ignore this and do not consider the long-term effect this can have to the society. There also exist the dilemma of differentiating between fantasy and the true reality. This pollutes the minds of the viewer and eventually they emulate what they see on the media content. The media has been linked to developing violence in the society. Studies, however, prove that there is no direct link between violence in the society and the media (Cottle, 2011). A number of studies propose that TV violence does not encourage violence in children. From these studies, it is quite clear that the relationship between viole nce and the media is null and void. However, censorship goes beyond the freedom of choice. It does not allow people to view what they want and develop their personal judgments. Violence or the weird behaviors children develop should be blamed on the parents (Ho?chli, 2010). In a child’s life, the parents are the role models and the light. They should guide the child from wrong at all times. For the case of Austin Messner, the blame cannot be put on the media, but the parents themselves. When it

How should one live Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

How should one live - Coursework Example However, we should not forget that all people are linked to the earth. In this regard, we are all connected, and this connectedness requires us to live in harmony and ecologically conscious. The question on how an individual should live is significant to human existence. Aristotle provided an explanation on how one should live through the concept of eudaimonia (Pojman, 2005). This concept was translated to imply happiness, fulfillment and human flourishing. Aristotle gave this answer because he established that eudaimonia was the only goal of life that could be taken into account as "an end in itself, and not a means to another end" (Pojman, 2005). Aristotle can be viewed to have offered an appropriate manner to live, if such a thing subsists. He came up with eudaimonia through observing the virtues that were portrayed by people who seemed happy and flourish (Pojman, 2005). As it was, such people conducted themselves with some degree of courage, honesty, integrity, honor, fairness and rationality. Therefore, how one ought to live is concerned with ethics, which develops an individual’s virtuous character (Pojman, 2005). Notably, if an individual develops such a p ersonality, he or she understands the right thing to do and do

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No topic - Essay Example Trustworthiness is another significant quality for a customer service representative. If the customers are unable to have faith in what the representative is saying, they will not wish to transact with him. Thus, one must not make false or exaggerated claims, and must only promise what they can deliver. A customer service representative must always be polite and patient. They must refrain from getting agitated, even if the customer is making unwarranted demands. They must hear the customer out, and pay close attention to their needs and wants. After their requirements are established, the customer service representative ought to respond courteously and explain to the customer in detail, what he has inquired about. Additionally, a customer service representative must be able to solve problems in a quick and efficient manner. They must be flexible and accommodating to the customers’ needs. I have been working in the customer service field for three years now, which has endowed m e with a notable comprehension of how to deal with customers. This experience in the field will be a great advantage for me when interacting with individuals. I am a hard working person and will have no qualms about putting in extra effort to ensure customer satisfaction.

Madly desirous for glory Essay Example for Free

Madly desirous for glory Essay In the second letter Walton writes about his progress to Archangel. In the letter he describes his crew. Waltons description of his ships master suggests that he is the embodiment of goodness. He frequently applauds the courage of his lieutenant. The lieutenant is madly desirous for glory. In this letter the theme of alienation arises. Like Victor, Waltons ambitions isolate him from his family and friends: But it is a still greater evil to me that I am self educated. Shelleys choice of words are designed to anticipate Victors need of a friend. It does this by implying that Walton is annoyed that he had no one to teach him, and that he had no companions. The third letter that Walton sends simply expresses confidence in his quest: I write a few lines in haste to say that I am safe and well advanced on my voyage. Shelley may have decided to add a short letter to show that Walton maybe playing down the dangers of his voyage. He finishes the letter by saying: Heaven bless my beloved sister. This clearly shows that Walton is a caring person.  The fourth letter is when Walton catches a glimpse of the creature. The crew take Victor on board. Walton believes that he has found a friend in Victor, and confides his ambition. This letter emphasises the admiration and affection that Victor inspires in Walton, who sees great nobility in this divine wanderer. In some ways Walton can be seen as a double to Victor Frankenstein. Walton rebels against his fathers decision for him to not go to sea. This is very similar to Frankensteins father, who dismissed Victors interests in science. Walton decides against the life of ease, he explains that My life might have been passed in ease and luxury, he explains, but I preferred glory to every enticement that wealth placed in my way. Shelley has added this to show a relationship between Victor and Walton. This shows that they have similar characteristics, and desire the same things from life. The fact that Walton is introduced before Frankenstein may show that Shelley was preparing the reader for Victors desire for knowledge. Although the two characters can be related to each other, they also have significant differences. Walton is not quite so alienated as Victor. Rather then rejecting companionship, Walton longs for an intimate friend to share his hopes and dreams. To add to this point, Walton is also is not so isolated in his search for knowledge, whereas Victor, whose midnight labours and secret toil keep him completely secluded. The fact that Walton had a crew around him prevented him from falling into the trap of Victors individualism. The first chapter begins in an embedded narrative, with Victor telling his story to Walton. Victor begins his story by describing his early life in Geneva, his tranquil domestic life and the young orphan Elizabeth, who becomes part of the household. Victors interest in science eventually takes him to university at Inglostadt. His experiments lead him to the discovery of a secret life force. He constructs a human form out of dead tissue and brings it to life. Horrified by his actions, Victor abandons the creature. One of the main themes portrayed by Shelley in this novel is that of birth and creation. When Victor gave life to the creature, he usurps the role of God. Victor imagines how, A new species would bless me as its creator and source No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs. This shows that Victors main crime is not what he had done, but what he failed to do. He failed to father his creation. Victor is an isolated individual. However, unlike Walton, Frankensteins isolation is self imposed. It is also ironic in the sense that Victor rejects his family and friends, whilst this is simply what the creature longs for. Victor claims that the rejection of his family is necessary in order to continue the quest for the secret life. Alienation is a key factor in this novel. Victor chooses to isolate himself from others, whereas the creatures isolation is imposed upon him, due to Victor abandoning him, and people being generally scared of his appearance. However the creature does desire companionship, and he says that he becomes violent when he realises that he will never have this, I am malicious because I am miserable. This shows that the creature is humane in the sense that all he wants is a companion, much like any human. So the fact that the creature only becomes malicious because I am miserable represents that people become monstrous when the are isolated, and rejected from so ciety. When Victor creates the creature, he is flooded with a huge feeling of anti-climax. Victor repulses the creature on first sight. He refers to the creature as the wretch and is horrifies by the thing that he has given life to. This shows that Victor is only concerned with physical appearance. This shows intolerance of imperfection and a flaw in Victors character. Victor rejects the creation; this is like a father rejecting his child. When the creature came to life Victor may have realised the enormity of the monstrous deeds that he had committed. The passage in the novel shows Victor to be a monster, as he does not even try to understand the monsters cries for help. He has forsaken any duties he is expected to perform as a father. When the creature awoke from his sleep he convulsed. When Victor awakes from his sleep, his muscles also convulse. This could be one of the first signs that the creature is a double of Victor. Victor even describes the monster as my own spirit let loose from the grave forced to destroy all that was dear to me Victor has given a clear expression of the notion that he and the creature may be doubles, with the creature acting out Victors own aggressions. Shelleys description of the creature is full of pathos. The first things that the creature desires are love and affection, as all newborn things want. However, Victor denies him this. When Victor awakes from his dream, he finds the creature reaching out a hand towards him. Victor rejects this appeal for help from the creature.  This passage from the novel may parody The creation of man by Michelangelo, which shows God stretching out his hand to give life to Adam. The analogy of this is that Victor is playing God and that the creature is Adam. Another parody is the story of Prometheus, who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to the people on earth. The analogy of this is that Victor has stolen the power of life from the Gods and given it to the people. This is the reason for the book has the subtitle The modern Prometheus. Victor may be seen as monstrous in this passage, as he is usurping the role of woman, which goes against the laws of nature.

Analysis of Financial Annual Reports

Analysis of Financial Annual Reports The Home Depot and Lowe’s Companies are major American home improvement retailers, keen rivals with Home Improvement leading both in sales and in profits. This assignment aims to analyse their operational and financial results in detail for a period of five years, namely 2002 to 2006 on the basis of the following Annual Reports filed by the companies with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) Company Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending Home Depot January 28, 2007 January 29, 2006 January 30, 2005 February 1, 2004 February 2, 2003 Lowe’s February 2, 2007 February 3, 2006 January 28, 2005 January 30, 2004 January 31, 2003 The working details and financial calculations used for the analysis are available in the appendices at the end of the assignment. Whilst the two companies operate in the same market and are keen rivals, with Lowe’s’ being the nearest competitor to The Home Depot, the actual distance between these two is prima facie substantial with The Home Depot being practically two times the size of Lowe’s, both in sales and in profits. The analysis of the financial statements of the two companies for the five years 2002 to 2006 covers issues like the percentage increase in sales and profits during this period, as well as the analysis of a number of ratios that indicate (a) year on year increase of turnover and profits, (b) profitability, (c) use of long term assets, capital employed and working capital, and (d) capital gearing. An analysis and comparison of various financial and operational ratios over a period of a number of years helps in validating the authenticity of presented figures by enabling analysts to compare related figures, for example year on year increases in sales and profits, and the relationships between sales and profits, sales and capital employed, and current assets and current liabilities, and locate and investigate anomalies that arise from year to year. â€Å"While it is useful to understand the absolute quantum of each asset, liability and revenue item in isolation, far greater understanding of its implication with respect to the trend and performance of the company can be achieved by a `relationship study. For instance, if one studies profits in relation to sales for the current year and compares it with the same relationship for a series of years, a greater understanding of the trend and performance can be had. The `relationship study referred has two facets: i) the relationship of one item to another for the current or previous years, but in respect of the same company, and ii) the relationship of these parameters with industry figures or representative figures of competitors or of firms of similar size and operations. The first set enables one to understand the performance of the company in isolation, while the second gives an insight as to where the company stands vis-à  -vis the industry or competition.†Ã‚   (Osteryoung Others, 1992, p72) The following inferences can be drawn on the basis of information culled from the audited financial accounts and filed with the SEC. Whilst The Home Depot has been growing at a steady pace of around 10 to 11 % during the specified five year period, Lowe’s, which recorded a much higher pace of growth (of around 18 %) during the first four years found its year on year increase slowing to 8 % in the fifth (last) year. Both companies have comfortable Gross and Operating profit margins. Whilst GP margins have consistently been in the region of 30 %, Operating profit margins have remained at around 10 to 11 percent. Although both companies maintained their profitability margins during the five years, the profit before tax for The Home Depot was eroded significantly in 2006 because of substantial increase in finance charges, consequent to significant increase in debt. This increase in debt has increased the capital gearing ratio of the company from a low 0.08 to a more comfortable 0.30. An analysis of various operational ratios for both the companies over the five year period, by and large, indicates substantial s tability in their operations. Practically all ratios, ( and that too for both the companies), be they return on capital employed, asset utilisation, profitability, liquidity, working capital, or capital gearing, are remarkably stable from year to year for all five years, a fact that counters, (even if it does not negate) the possibility of manipulation of figures. The single large scale departure from the norm occurs in the case of capital gearing ratios for The Home Depot but that is explained by the increase in debt from 2672 million USD for the company in 2006 to 11643 million USD in 2007, a fact that also explains the change in interest cover and profit before tax for 2007. A detailed ratio analysis of the figures made available in the financial statements filed by the two companies with the SEC would thus tend to indicate (a) that both companies are progressing well, both in sales and in operational results, and (b) that the figures presented can be taken to be fair and representative of the working of the companies. Gauging the fairness and reliability of information available in the financial statements is however a far more complex exercise, the validity of the presented figures also depending upon other factors like (a) the value of plant, property and equipment, which may be depreciated on historical cost and thus be recorded at values much below current market rates, (b) securities reported at lower of cost or market, which usually means a recorded value below the current market rate, (c) recording of inventories at LIFO, whereas replacement costs are usually higher, (d) recording of debts or leases at favourable rates, (which amount to unrecorded assets because the company’s effective liability becomes lower than normal), (e) uncollected receivables bearing little or no interest, (e) obsolete or slow moving inventories, (f) under or overstatement of contingent liabilities such as threatened or imminent lawsuits, employee settlements like dismissal recompense, service and incentive c ontracts, obligations for goods returns and discounts, merchandise warranties, and guarantees of third-party borrowing. (Radebaugh Others, 2006) An analysis of the accounting policies and procedures of Lowe’s reveals that the company (a) operates a reserve for losses on obsolete inventory, inventory shrinkage, and sales returns, which is adjusted and charged to earnings every year, (b) records receivables that may change depending upon the performance of the company’s products, (c) does not have off balance sheet financing, apart from executing operating leases (d) monitors risks that could arise out of change in interest in long term debt, (e) has entered into an arrangement with GE in 2004 for sale of existing accounts receivables and those that would arise subsequently (f) has entered into an agreement with GG whereby GE funds the company’s proprietary credit card purchases (g) values assets at cost and depreciates them over their useful lives (h) undertakes self insurance for certain liabilities relating to workmen’s compensation, automobile, property and general and product liability claims. ( Annual Reports of Lowe’s Companies, 2003 to 2007) Whilst The Home Depot also by and large follows similar principles, the company (a) offers credit purchase programmes through third party credit providers, (b) depends substantially for sales achievement on offering extensive credit to customers (c) continually patents its intellectual property, (d) is involved in a large number of legal proceedings that could lead to payment of substantial amounts of money, (e) values inventories at lower of cost or market, a practice that could lead to off balance sheet assets (f) uses a number of estimates for reporting assets, liabilities, contingent liabilities, revenues and expenses, (g) has reasonably high receivables, which it needs to collect and whose accuracy is largely a matter of surmise (h) records assets at cost and depreciates them over their estimated useful lives (i) checks goodwill every year for impairment purposes (j) committed errors in stock option practices that led to an erosion of retained earnings to the tune of 227 million in 2006 (Annual Reports of The Home Depot, 2003 to 2007) Off balance sheet assets for both of these companies could arise from undervalued plant, property, and equipment, as well as inventories that may be worth more than their recorded value. On the other hand both companies do not have systems strong enough for effective recording of obsolescence, a fact that could lead to certain slow moving inventory items being shown at values higher than what could be realised in the market. With the companies having receivables that could change on the basis of the post sales performance of products, adverse changes in this area could lead to negative effect upon earnings. However it also needs to be considered at this stage that The Home Depot and Lowe’s have large operations and changes arising from behaviour of off balance sheet items could well be negligible in comparison to actual recorded figures. In value terms much of the difference in the evaluation of balance sheet items could arise from value of plant, property and equipment. With both retailers having extensive prime quality real estate by way of shop space in well frequented locations, the actual value of property may be far in excess of that stated in the financial statements. Whilst an actual quantification of value would have to be preceded by an elaborate exercise, it would be fair to surmise that such a valuation would lead to a substantial enhancement in the market values of both firms. Both companies recognise revenues when customers take possession of goods, whilst goods that have been paid for but not delivered to customers are shown as deferred revenue. This method is open to criticism because it does not sufficiently provide either for return of goods taken by customers or the possibility of customers not picking up goods for which they have made advance payments. Whilst large sales volume turnovers effectively mask the impact of such basic anomalies in accounting procedures, the adoption of conservative accounting practices for revenue recognition, where sales are confirmed only after customers accept goods as purchased could impact sales volumes significantly. Such a practice would obviously have a strong impact on ratios that concern sales, operations, and profitability. Whilst an analysis of ratios over a five year period for both companies does indicate long term stability of accounting practices, the accounting practices followed by The Home Depot indicate an excessive preponderance to use estimates and approximations for arriving at revenue figures. Although such practices could be based on past practice as well as eminently reasonable assumptions, the fact that serious errors have occurred in the past, especially in the practice and disclosure of stock options, indicate that the company should implement much stronger systems and adopt more conservative accounting policies. Another issue of concern with The Home Depot is the substantial amount of litigation in which it is currently involved. With the company admitting the possibility of the results of these lawsuits going against the company, the chances of substantial future outflows with adverse effects upon the company’s earnings does exist. As such, whilst The Home Depot is a far larger company, both by way of sales and by way of profits, than Lowe’s, an impartial evaluation of accounting policies and procedures indicates Lowe’s to be more carefully run. Whilst the current depression in the housing market is keeping investors away from home improvement companies, Lowe’s could well prove to be better equipped to riding out the current crisis and therefore a safer investment. Appendices All figures in Million US Dollars (unless otherwise stated) 1. Appendix A Balance Sheet of the Home Depot Description 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Long Term Assets 34263 29136 24747 21111 18094 Current Assets Inventories 12822 11401 10076 9076 8388 Accounts Receivables 3223 2396 1494 1097 1072 Others 1955 1472 2703 3155 2507 Total Current Assets 18000 15269 14273 13328 11917 Total Assets 52263 44405 39020 34437 30011 Current Liabilities Accounts Payables 7356 6032 5766 5159 4560 Others 5575 6674 4689 4395 3475 Total 12931 12706 10455 9554 8035 Debt 11643 2672 2148 856 1321 Others 2659 2118 2259 1620 853 Equity 25030 26909 24158 22407 19802 Total Liabilities 52263 44405 39020 34437 30011 2. Appendix B Profit and Loss Account of the Home Depot Description 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Net Sales 90387 81511 73094 64816 58247 Percentage Change 10.89 11.51 12.77 11.28 Cost of Sales 61054 54191 48664 44236 40139 Gross Profit 29783 27320 24430 20580 18108 Operating Expenses 20110 17957 16504 13734 12278 Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax) 9673 9363 7926 6846 5830 Finance Charges 365 81 14 3 (42) Profit before Tax 9308 9282 7912 6843 5872 Percentage Change 17 16 17 Tax 3547 3444 2911 2539 2208 Profits after Tax 5761 5838 5001 4304 3664 Basis Earnings per share 2.80 2.73 2.27 1.88 1.56 3. Appendix C Ratio Analysis of Home Depot Financial and Operational Results A. Profitability Ratios 1. Return on Capital Employed = Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax)/ Capital Employed Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Capital Employed is equal to Total Assets less Current Liabilities 39332 31699 28575 24483 22076 Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax) 9673 9363 7926 6846 5830 Return on Capital Employed (%) 24.59 29.53 27.73 27.96 26.41 2. Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales/ Capital Employed Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Capital Employed is equal to Total assets less Current Liabilities 39332 31699 28575 24483 22076 Sales 90387 81511 73094 64816 58247 Asset Turnover Ratio 2.29 2.57 2.56 2.65 2.64 3. Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit/ Sales * 100 Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Gross Profit 29783 27320 24430 20580 18108 Sales 90387 81511 73094 64816 58247 Gross Profit Margin (%) 32.95 33.57 33.42 31.75 31.09 4. Operating Profit Margin = Operating Profit (Profit before Interest and Tax) / Sales * 100 Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax) 9673 9363 7926 6846 5830 Sales 90387 81511 73094 64816 58247 Operating Profit Margin (%) 10.70 11.44 10.84 10.56 10.01 B. Asset Turnover Ratios 5. Long Term Assets Turnover = Sales/ Long Term Assets Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Long Term Assets 34263 29136 24747 21111 18094 Sales 90387 81511 73094 64816 58247 Long Term Assets Turnover 2.63 2.80 2.95 3.07 3.22 C. Liquidity Ratios 6. Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Current Assets 18000 15269 14273 13328 11917 Current Liabilities 12931 12706 10455 9554 8035 Current Ratio 1.39 1.20 1.37 1.40 1.48 7. Accounts Payable Cover = Current Assets / Accounts Payables Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Current Assets 18000 15269 14273 13328 11917 Accounts Payables 7356 6032 5766 5159 4560 Accounts Payable Cover 2.45 2.53 2.48 2.58 2.61 D. Capital Structure, Gearing and Risk Ratios 8. Gearing Ratio = Long Term Debt/ Capital Employed Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Long Term Debt 11643 2672 2148 856 1321 Capital Employed = Total Assets less Current Liabilities 39332 31699 28575 24483 22076 Gearing Ratio 0.30 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.06 9. Shareholder’s Ratio = Shareholder’s Funds/ Capital Employed Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Shareholders Funds 25030 26909 24158 22407 19802 Capital Employed 39332 31699 28575 24483 22076 Shareholder’s Ratio 0.64 0.85 0.85 0.92 0.90 10. Interest Cover = Profit before Interest and Tax/ Interest Details 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax) 9673 9363 7926 6846 5830 Finance Charges 365 81 14 3 (42) Interest Cover 26.5 115 566 2282 NA 4. Appendix D Balance Sheet of Lowe’s Companies All figures in Million US Dollars (unless otherwise stated) Description 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Long Term Assets 19447 16851 14235 12229 10541 Current Assets Inventories 7144 6635 5850 4584 3968 Accounts Receivables (Included in Others) Others 1170 1153 1016 1938 1600 Total Current Assets 8314 7788 6866 6522 5568 Total Assets 27761 24639 21101